FM 6-02 Chapter 6 · Numbers and units
Byte units
Bytes in decimal and binary units and bits, the TB vs TiB gap, and transfer time.
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Accepts 1.5 TB · 500 GiB · 1048576 · 4 Tbit · 8 Mb · 500G
Read as terabytes (10^12 B) = 2,000,000,000,000 bytes
- On the label
- 2 TB
- In binary units
- 1.82 TiB
- Windows Explorer shows
- 1.81 TB
- Gap at TB
- 9.05 %
Disk makers count in powers of 1000. Windows counts in powers of 1024 but still writes KB, MB, GB, TB, so a 2 TB disk shows as 1.81 TB. Nothing is missing; the gap grows by about 2.4 % per prefix step. Explorer truncates to three digits rather than rounding.
Decimal, powers of 1000
- B
- 2,000,000,000,000
- kB
- 2,000,000,000
- MB
- 2,000,000
- GB
- 2,000
- TB
- 2
- PB
- 0.002
Binary, powers of 1024
- B
- 2,000,000,000,000
- KiB
- 1,953,125,000
- MiB
- 1,907,348.632813
- GiB
- 1,862.645149
- TiB
- 1.818989
- PiB
- 0.00177636
Bits, powers of 1000
- bit
- 16,000,000,000,000
- kbit
- 16,000,000,000
- Mbit
- 16,000,000
- Gbit
- 16,000
- Tbit
- 16
- Pbit
- 0.016
Transfer time
- Duration
- 4 h 43 min 41 s
- Seconds
- 17,021.277
Parsing rules: B is bytes and b is bits. k M G T P are
powers of 1000, K counts as k. Ki Mi Gi Ti Pi are powers of
1024. A bare letter like 500G is read as 1024-based, as df -h prints it. No
unit means bytes. Efficiency covers protocol overhead: around 94 % for TCP over Ethernet at 1500 MTU.